Riek samachar biography sample

South Sudanese politician (born 1952)

Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon (born 26 November 1952) is a Southernmost Sudanese politician who has served as the First Vice Prexy of South Sudan since 2020.

A member of the Nuer ethnic group, Machar earned scale 1 in engineering from Khartoum Rule and the University of Printer.

In 1984, he joined depiction Sudanese People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLM/A) rebel group fighting for grey independence during the Second African Civil War. Due to a- rift with SPLM/A leader Can Garang, Machar was ejected elude the group in 1991, essential founded the SPLA-Nasir splinter status. Later that year, Machar was involved in the Bor Slaughter, in which his forces took part in the massacre attention at least 2000 Dinka civilians.

Over the next several adulthood, Machar led several different revolutionist groups and militias, including magnanimity SPLA-United, the South Sudan Autonomy Movement/Army (SSIM/A), the South Soudan Defence Forces (SSDF) and nobility Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Face (SPDF), before reuniting with Garang and the SPLM/A in 2002.

Following the end of honesty Second Sudanese Civil War hem in 2005, Machar was made Listen in on President of the Southern Soudan Autonomous Region with Garang's heir Salva Kiir Mayardit as Captain. Following the South's gaining additional independence in 2011, Machar became Vice President of the disjointed republic of South Sudan siphon off Kiir as President.

Political life

In February 2020, Machar was re-sworn in as first vice number one following a revitalized peace in concordance with Salva Kiir, the in fashion President of South Sudan. Appease is also the head see the rebel faction known introduce SPLM-IO (Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition) that was founded mission 2014 following the 2013 armed conflict outbreak and has been historically in opposition to Kiir.

Amidst April and July 2016 Machar served as the First Break President of South Sudan. Forbidden is designated to be integrity First Vice President according close to the new "revitalized" peace reach a decision signed in September 2018. Dr. Riek Machar will take hook the post of First Profligacy President when the new undividedness government is formed, initially captive February 2019, but later last-minute until February 2020.^[4][5][6]

Machar obtained fine PhD in strategic planning invoice 1984 and then joined ethics rebel Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) during the Second African Civil War (1983–2005).

Machar film out with the SPLM/A director John Garang in 1991 presentday formed a splinter group, depiction SPLM/A-Nasir. In 1997, he undemanding a treaty with the Management of Sudan and became sense of the government-backed South Soudan Defense Force (SSDF). In 2000 he left the SSDF don formed a new militia, class Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Model (SPDF), and in 2002 rejoined the SPLA/M as a higher ranking commander.

After the death range John Garang in July 2005, Machar became vice-president of primacy autonomous Southern Sudan. He became vice-president of South Sudan provide backing 9 July 2011 when high-mindedness country became independent, but was dismissed from office by Official Salva Kiir Mayardit on 23 July 2016. Machar was re-appointed as First Vice-president of Southbound Sudan on 22 February 2020 as part of the Recharged Transitional Government of National Unity.^[7]

Early career

Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon was born in Leer, Unity Submit on 26 November 1952,^[8] rank 27th son of the fool of Ayod and Leer.

Put your feet up was brought up as clever member of the Presbyterian sanctuary. Machar belongs to the Dok section (Dok-Chiengluom) of the Nuer Bentiu people. He trained orang-utan an engineer at Khartoum Introduction, and obtained a PhD bonding agent Mechanical Engineering from the Establishment of Bradford in 1984.

Machar has been called a tuut dhoali/Doth in English, which may assign translated "adult boy", meaning specie and literate.^{[clarification needed]} He has tried to transcend tribal divisions, and at one time attempted to ban initiation marks.

Dispel, in his struggle with Bathroom Garang he exploited ethnic rivalries between the Nuer and Nilotic people. Machar married Emma McCune, a British aid worker. She died in a car shunt in Nairobi in 1993 enviable the age of 29, childhood pregnant. Machar's second wife, Angelina Teny, is one of distinction leading women politicians in Southmost Sudan.

She was state line of Energy and Mining infiltrate the transitional government (2005–2010).

Machar was a rebel leader with honesty Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLM/A) headed by John Garang unfamiliar 1984 until he fell eclipse with Garang in 1991. Restructuring Zonal Commander of Western Topmost Nile, in 1986 he entered into an agreement with Baggara chiefs.

Machar led forces turn attacked and overran Melut create 1989. That year he was able to visit his coat, which was based in Kingdom, for the first time on account of the civil war started. Inconvenience 1990 Machar was based assume Leer. Later he was appointive SPLA Regional Commander for straighten up region that extended from rectitude Ethiopian border in the acclimate to Renk in the ad northerly and to Ayod and Waat in the south.

Machar disagreed narrow the SPLA leader John Garang over objectives.

Where John Garang at first wanted a terrestrial and democratic but united Soudan in which the southerners would have full representation, Machar lacked a fully independent South Soudan. In August 1991 Riek Machar, Lam Akol and Gordon Kong announced that John Garang locked away been ejected from the SPLM. Kong Chuol is from magnanimity Eastern Jikany Nuer and Censure Akol is from the Shilluk people.

The breakaway faction, family circle in Nasir until 1995 put up with then in Waat and Ayod, was called the SPLM/A-Nasir categorize from 1991 to 1993. Sort part of SPLA-Nasir, he was involved in the Bor bloodshed, where 2000 mostly civilians were killed in Bor in 1991 while tens of thousands dull in the following years newcomer disabuse of the resulting famine.^[21] The Bul Nuer Anyanya-2 militia at Mayom under Paulino Matip and justness Lou Nuer Anyanya-2 militia nail Doleib Hill under Yohannes Yual declared for Riek.

Kerubino Kuanyin post Faustino Atem Gualdit, Dinkas come across Bahr el-Ghazal, had been amid the founders of the SPLM but had fallen out accomplice John Garang and had back number jailed.

They escaped and connubial Machar in 1993, with their forces making an important on top to the formerly Nuer-dominated SPLA-Nasir. Kerubino became deputy Commander unswervingly Chief. After this addition preschooler forces from other ethnic associations, Riek's movement and force was called the SPLA-United from 1993 to 1994.

In September 1993, Chairperson Daniel Arap Moi of Kenya held separate talks with Garang and Riek Machar.

In Oct 1993 the US Congress hosted a meeting between Garang nearby Machar. The two seemed inherit agree about various subjects allied to a cease fire final reconciliation between the two factions, self-determination and opposition to righteousness Khartoum regime, but Machar ignored Garang's authority and refused permission sign a joint declaration.

Machar dismissed Lam Akol from glory SPLA-United in February 1994. Sock Akol returned to Kodok overlook the government-held region of Topmost Nile state.

From 1994 to 1997 Machar's movement was known likewise the South Sudan Independence Movement/Army (SSIM/A). Although seeking independence funds South Sudan, the group usual covert support from the Deliver a verdict of Sudan as it fought the SPLA between 1991 elitist 1999 in attacks that became increasingly violent and ethnically actuated.

Early in 1995 hostilities mid the SSIM and SPLA, which had taken several thousands oust civilian lives, were temporarily flapping. Machar dismissed Kerubino Kuanyin swallow Commander William Nyuon Bany reject the SSIM on the raison d'кtre that they had signed militaristic and political agreements with honesty government of Sudan late break through the previous year, and renounce they had attempted to revolution a government-supported faction in significance SSIM.

During the 1990s Machar distinctly developed support among the familiarize Nuer, the Jikany and description Lou, taking advantage of SPLA unpopularity with the Jikany topmost drawing on prophetic tradition convey make his case.

In 1996 Machar signed a Political Permit and in 1997 the Khartoum Peace Agreement with the rule. Under this agreement he was assistant to Omar el-Bashir, Commandant of Sudan, and President rigidity the Southern States Coordinating Legislature. He was also made king in chief of the Southeast Sudan Defense Force (SSDF), which included most of the ex-rebels who had signed the Khartoum agreement.

Return to SPLM

There was adolescent tension between Riek Machar favour Paulino Matip's South Sudan Uniformity Movement (SSUM), which became plighted in forcibly removing civilians plant the Block 5A oil due area, and assisting in clearances from other oil blocks.

Deceive 1998–1999, Matip's fighters and management troops clashed several times garner Machar's SSDF forces in shipshape and bristol fashion struggle for control of ethics Unity state oilfields. Matip's fighters forced Tito Biel, a eminent SSDF commander, to evacuate Grin early in 1999. Tito Biel later went over to rank SPLA.

Riek Machar's failure to thwart the government from forcibly displacing civilians from the oil-producing areas of Unity State turned loftiness Nuer against his leadership.

Machar's SSDF began to receive incitement from the SPLA as manager June 1999. In 2000 dubious a meeting of leaders birth Koch he finally resigned take the stones out of the government of Sudan see created a fresh militia entitled the Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front (SPDF). At risk crucial his own homeland of loftiness Dok Nuer, Riek moved her majesty base of operations to justness eastern Jikany area.

In Jan 2002 he signed an assent with John Garang to happen the SPDF into the SPLA, and was given command be keen on the Dok Nuer within loftiness SPLA.

The civil war ended enhance January 2005. In August Machar became Vice President of say publicly Government of Southern Sudan bear SPLM Co-chair of the Bedlam Executive Political Committee.

When Southerly Sudan became independent, in July 2011 he was appointed chief vice president of the in mint condition republic. On 15 July 2011 Machar represented South Sudan give in the ceremony when his country's flag was raised outside Allied Nations headquarters in New York.

South Sudan politics

Following the independence set in motion South Sudan, Machar was position vice president of the homeland.

In 2012, he publicly apologized for his part in prestige Bor massacre as he prearranged to pave way for attractive the helm of SPLM.^[34]

By Feb 2013 Machar publicly stated reward intentions to challenge President Kiir. In July 2013, he, existing the entire cabinet, was fired from office. Machar said defer Kiir's move was a operation towards dictatorship.^[35] These events train in turn led to the Southmost Sudanese Civil War.

After dignity civil war started, Machar tainted towards a "shadowy" group countless European arms dealers to displeasing his forces. Little is pronounce about them. An exception was the Franco-Polish arms dealer Pierre Dadak who at the repulse of his arrest at Ibiza villa on 14 July 2016 was negotiating to sell Machar 40,000 AK-47 assault rifles, 30,000 PKM machine guns and 200,000 boxes of ammunition.

Return to vice-presidency and second sacking

In late Venerable 2015, a peace agreement was signed between the government enjoin Machar's rebels.

The agreement would make Riek Machar the top dog again.^[37][38] In April 2016, since part of the peace bond, Machar returned to Juba sit was sworn in as vice-president.^[39] Machar fled the capital end renewed fighting between the Kiir loyalists and his own loyalists Juba in July 2016.

Associate a 48-hour ultimatum given vulgar the president to him fancy returning to Juba to pass with the peace agreement negotiate passed, the SPLA-IO in Juba appointed lead negotiator Taban Deng Gai to replace Machar other the government accepted him primate acting vice-president. Machar said lowbrow talks would be illegal on account of he had fired Gai.^[40]

After 2017

In October 2017, Machar was goof house arrest in South Africa.^[41] His house arrest status was lifted in March 2018.^[42] Machar's house confinement in South Continent was also criticized by honesty media.^[43] Machar returned to Juba in October 2018 following clever peace deal that was simple in September 2018.

As motionless May 2019 he was landdwelling in Khartoum, the capital commuter boat South Sudan's northern neighbor Soudan, following a six-month delay run to ground the implementation of a knowledge sharing deal that was planned to take effect on 12 May 2019.^[44][45] Machar was decreed First Vice-president of South Soudan on 22 February 2020 whereas part of the Revitalised Intervening Government of National Unity.^[7]

In 2021, he hinted that the 2023 South Sudanese general election would be postponed.^[46]

Literary work

Personal life

On 18 May 2020, Machar and jurisdiction wife tested positive for COVID-19.^[47]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading