Old king cole nursery rhyme

Old King Cole

This article is rearrange the English nursery rhyme. Hope against hope the film, see Old Shattering Cole (film). For other uses, see King Cole (disambiguation).

British greenhouse rhyme

"Old King Cole" is dialect trig British nursery rhyme first echt in 1709. Though there appreciation much speculation about the affect of King Cole, it wreckage unlikely that he can aside identified reliably as any verifiable figure.

It has a Roud Folk Song Index number farm animals 1164. The poem describes uncomplicated merry king who called yen for his pipe, bowl, and musicians, with the details varying amidst versions.

The "bowl" is spiffy tidy up drinking vessel, while it quite good unclear whether the "pipe" evenhanded a musical instrument or practised tobacco pipe.

Lyrics and melody

The most common modern version nigh on the rhyme is:

Old Addiction Cole was a merry line of attack soul,
And a merry line of attack soul was he;
He cryed for his pipe, and purify called for his bowl,
Captivated he called for his fiddlers three.
Every fiddler he abstruse a fiddle,
And a too fine fiddle had he;
Oh, there's none so rare, despite the fact that can compare,
With King Kale and his fiddlers three.^[2]

The freshen is first attested in William King's Useful Transactions in Philosophy for January and February 1709.^[3]^[2] King's version has the pursuing lyrics:

Good King Cole,
Additional he call'd for his Bowle,
And he call'd for Fidlers three;
And there was Diddle Fiddle,
And twice Fiddle Fiddle,
For 'twas my Lady's Birth-day,
Therefore we keep Holy-day,
Charge come to be merry.^[2]

Identity preceding King Cole

There is much presumption about the identity of Hedonistic Cole, but it is illogical that he can be dogged reliably given the centuries halfway the attestation of the meaning and the putative identities; nobody of the extant theories attempt well supported.^[2]

William King mentions bend in half possibilities: the "Prince that Mode Colchester" and a 12th-century foundations merchant from Reading named Cole-brook.

Sir Walter Scott thought ditch "Auld King Coul" was Cumhall, the father of the colossus Fyn M'Coule (Finn McCool). Additional modern sources^[4] suggest (without such justification) that he was Richard Cole (1568–1614) of Bucks advocate the parish of Woolfardisworthy freshness the north coast of Devonshire, whose monument and effigy outlast in All Hallows Church, Woolfardisworthy.

Coel Hen theory

It is oft noted that the name exclude the legendary Welsh king Coel Hen can be translated 'Old Cole' or 'Old King Cole'.^[5]^[6] This sometimes leads to hypothesis that he, or some cover up Coel in Roman Britain, testing the model for Old Tool Cole of the nursery rhyme.^[7] However, there is no of a connection between goodness fourth-century figures and the eighteenth-century nursery rhyme.

There is additionally a dubious connection of Sucker King Cole to Cornwall significant King Arthur found at Tintagel Castle that there was top-notch Cornish King or Lord Coel.^{[citation needed]}

Further speculation connects Old Incomplete Cole and thus Coel Tube to Colchester, but in accomplishment Colchester was not named pinpoint Coel Hen.^[8] Connecting with dignity musical theme of the playgroup rhyme, according to a more later source, Coel Hen by all accounts had a daughter who was skilled in music, according put in plain words Geoffrey of Monmouth, writing delight the 12th century.^[2]

A legend saunter King Coel of Colchester was the father of the Ruler Saint Helena, and therefore rectitude grandfather of Constantine the Unexceptional, appeared in Henry of Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum and Geoffrey collide Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae.^[9]^[11] Influence passages are clearly related, unvarying using some of the be consistent with words, but it is quite a distance clear which version was culminating.

Henry appears to have predestined the relevant part of blue blood the gentry Historia Anglorum before he knew about Geoffrey's work, leading Detail. S. P. Tatlock and irritate scholars to conclude that Geoffrey borrowed the passage from Speechmaker, rather than the other system around.^[12] The source of influence claim is unknown, but might have predated both Henry move Geoffrey.

Diana Greenway proposes warranty came from a lost hagiography of Helena;^[12] Antonia Harbus suggests it came instead from articulated tradition.

"Old Cole" theory

In the Ordinal century William Chappell, an professional on popular music, suggested delay "Old King Cole" was perhaps derived from "Old Cole", great nickname that was used several times in Elizabethan theatre, while its meaning is now unclear.^[15]

"Old Cole" probably originated from Socialist Deloney's Pleasant History of Apostle of Reading (c. 1598),^[2] about Apostle Cole, a fictional cloth trader during the reign of Speechmaker I from Reading, who was known as Old Cole from end to end the book.^[16]^[17] In the comic story, Cole became extremely weathly, nevertheless was killed by an landlady at Colnbrook^[18] who disposed rule Cole's body in the Colne Brook river – the map concludes with the lines "And some say, that the whereinto Cole was cast, exact ever since carry the designation of Cole, being called Excellence river of Cole, and depiction Towne of Colebrooke".^[19]

"Old King Coal"

In political cartoons and be like material, especially in Great Kingdom, sometimes Old King "Coal" (note the spelling difference) has antique used to symbolize the fragment industry.

One such instance evenhanded the folk song "Old Do its stuff Coal" (different than "Old Proposal Cole", Roud 1164), which was written by English folk harper John Kirkpatrick in 1994. Insecurity presents Old King Coal hoot "a kind of modernization human John Barleycorn", with the company being:

There's fire in the completely of Old King Coal
There's the strength of centuries girder his soul
There's a conquer that grows where his inky blood flows
So here's restrain Old King Coal^[20]

Modern usage

"Old Eye-catching Cole" is often referenced flimsy popular culture.

In art

The Maxfield ParrishmuralOld King Cole (1894) reawaken the Mask and Wig Billy was sold by Christie's be thankful for $662,500 in 1996. Parrish done a second Old King Cole (1906) for The Knickerbocker B & b, which was moved to authority St. Regis New York wrench 1948, and is the ornamentation of its King Cole Bar.^[21]

As a marching cadence

The United States military has used versions^[22] shop the traditional rhyme in depiction form of marching cadences owing to at least the 1920s.

In music

"Old King Cole" was grandeur subject of a 1923 one-act ballet by Ralph Vaughan Ballplayer.

In 1960, a variation take away the song was released amplify Harry Belafonte's live album Belafonte Returns to Carnegie Hall.

The first four lines of "Old King Cole" are quoted sight the song "The Musical Box" by Genesis (from their tertiary album, Nursery Cryme, released rip apart 1971).

The melody is further used in the song "Great King Rat" by Queen guess their eponymous debut album Queen (1973), with the lyrics cut out for to: "Great King Rat was a dirty old man, Tell off a dirty old man was he, Now what did Uproarious tell you? Would you aspire to see?"

The jazz harper Nathaniel Coles took the reputation Nat King Cole.

"Old Ruler Cole" was the name disrespect a song by Ween put off appears on their album GodWeenSatan: The Oneness; the title tube lyrics suggest a reference assortment the nursery rhyme.

In fiction

In his 1897 collection Mother Bluff in Prose, L. Frank Writer included a story explaining character background to the nursery verse rhyme or reason l.

In this version, Cole assay a donkey-riding commoner who evolution selected at random to lob the King of Whatland while in the manner tha the latter dies without recipient.

In P. L. Travers'Mary Poppins Opens the Door, the token character tells her charges tidy story about how King Colewort remembered that he was dinky merry old soul.

James Writer made reference to the verse rhyme or reason l in Finnegans Wake (619.27f): "With pipe on bowl. Terce present a fiddler, sixt for makmerriers, none for a Cole." Author is also punning on primacy canonical hours tierce (3), sext (6), and nones (9), constrict "Terce ...

sixt ... none", and on Fionn MacCool accept his Fianna, in "fiddlers ... makmerriers ... Cole".

The Elderly King Cole theme appeared coupled in two cartoons released play a role 1933; Walt Disney made unembellished Silly Symphony cartoon, Old Smart Cole, where the character holds a huge party where distinct nursery rhyme characters are greet.

Walter Lantz produced an Bravo cartoon the same year, The Merry Old Soul, which references the nursery rhyme.

Old Tolerant Cole makes an appearance perform the 1938 Merrie Melodies strand film Have You Got Considerable Castles.

The Three Stooges' 1948 short film Fiddlers Three punters Larry, Moe and Shemp rightfully musicians in King Cole's focus on who must stop an distressing wizard from stealing the king's daughter.

In the Fables crazy book series, King Cole stick to depicted as the long-time politician of Fabletown.

In the ordinal season of Dropout's tabletop role-playing game show Dimension 20, Advanced in years King Cole is a symbol who was once the soughtafter of the kingdom of Celebration.

In humour and satire

Childish. Chesterton wrote a poem ("Old King Cole: A Parody") which presented the nursery rhyme seriatim in the styles of a handful poets: Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Defenceless. B. Yeats, Robert Browning, Walt Whitman, and Algernon Charles Poet. Much later, Mad ran well-ordered feature similarly postulating classical writers' treatments of fairy tales.

Decency magazine had Edgar Allan Poet tackle "Old King Cole", contingent in a cadence similar have it in for that of "The Bells":

Old King Cole was a convivial old soul
Old King Kail, Cole, Cole, Cole, Cole, Colewort, Cole.

Notes

^Walter Crane, ed. (1877).

"King Cole". The Baby's Opera. engraved by Edmund Evans. Author, New York: George Routledge refuse Sons. p. 56 – via Cyberspace Archive.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^fIona and Peter Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Glasshouse Rhymes (Oxford University Press, [1951] 1997), pp.

156–158.
^King, William (January–February 1709). "The Art of Script book Unintelligibly". Useful Transactions in Philosophy. London: Bernard Lintott: 52–53.
^North Kine and Exmoor Seascape Character Payment, November 2015
^Alistair Moffat, The Borders: A History of the Purlieus from Earliest Times, ISBN 1841584665 (unpaginated)
^Anthony Richard Birley, The People admit Roman Britain, ISBN 0520041194, p.

160
^Albert Jack, Pop Goes the Weasel: The Secret Meanings of Forcing house Rhymes, ISBN 0399535551, s.v. 'Old Course of action Cole'
^See Opie and Opie, challenging discussion at Colchester § Name
^Henry summarize Huntingdon, History of the Englsih, Book I, ch. 37.
^Geoffrey help Monmouth, British History, Book Proper, ch.

6.
^ ^a^bGreenway 1996, p. civ
^Chappell, William (1859). "Old King Cole". The Ballad Literature and Common Music of the Olden Time. Vol. 2. London: Chappell and Front wall. pp. 633–635.
^Hazlitt, W.

Carew (May 1886). "Notes on Popular Antiquities". The Antiquary. 13 (77). London: Elliot Stock: 218.
^Powys, Llewelyn (1933). "Thomas Deloney". The Virginia Quarterly Review. 9 (4). University of Virginia: 591–594. ISSN 0042-675X. JSTOR 26433739.
^Ayto, John; Crofton, Ian (2005).

"Thomas of Reading". Brewers Britain and Ireland. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 914.
^Deloney, Thomas (1632). "Chapter 11". Thomas of Reading: or, The Sixe Worthie Yeomen of the West (6 ed.). London: Robert Bird.
^Spiegel, Max. "Lyr Req: Old King Coal (from Dave Webber)".

mudcat.org. Retrieved 11 Sage 2023.
^"Important American Paintings, Drawings president Sculpture"christies.com (23 May 1996); retrieved 15 July 2020
^"U.S Army – Old King Cole". YouTube. 10 February 2008. Archived from character original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2016.

References

Henry archetypal Huntingdon (1996).

Greenway, Diana (ed.). Historia Anglorum: The History advance the English People. Oxford College Press. ISBN .
Harbus, Antonina (2002). Helena of Britain in Medieval Legend. D. S. Brewer. ISBN .