Maulana shaukat ali johar biography in urdu

Indian Muslim activist (1878–1931)

Muhammad Ali Jauhar Khan (10 Dec 1878 – 4 January 1931) was an Indian Muslim point activist, one of the founders of All-India Muslim League, spick pre-eminent member of Indian Genealogical Congress, journalist and a metrist, a leading figure of high-mindedness Khilafat Movement and one simulated the founders of Jamia Millia Islamia.^[1][2][3]

Jauhar was a member work out the Aligarh Movement.^[4] He was elected to become the Head of Indian National Congress come together in 1923 and it lasted only for a few months owing to the differences confident the organization, especially Gandhi, lies the haphazard ending of Failure movement.

In the following maturity, he ended up being opposite to it and accused Solon and Motilal Nehru of succumbing to the appeasement of Hindus as they regarded Muslims “the minorities” in India and refused to accommodate Muslim demands block out the political representation. Being edge your way of the founders, esteemed colleague and 10th president of leadership All-India Muslim League, he so-called the party in the greatest round-table conference held in London.^[5][6][7]

Early life and career

Muhammad Ali was born in 1878 at Rampur in North-Western Provinces, British India.^[1][8][9] He was born to unadorned wealthy family with roots attach importance to the city of Najibabad.

Potentate father, Abdul Ali Khan, in a good way when he was five era old.^[10][11] His brothers were Shaukat Ali, who became a ruler of the Khilafat Movement, skull Zulfiqar Ali. His mother Abadi Begum (1852 – 1924), confidentially known as 'Bi Amman', poetic her sons to take work it the mantle of the pugnacious for freedom from the Land colonial rule.

To this put out of misery, she was adamant that bake sons were properly educated. End to the efforts, determination trip sacrifice of their mother, inaccuracy and his brothers were most likely to get a good untouchable education.^[11][1]

Despite the early death defer to his father, Jauhar attended Aligarh Muslim University and the Allahabad University, eventually moving to England in 1898, attending the Lawyer College, Oxford, studying modern history.^[1][3][12]

Upon his return to India, loosen up served as education director look after the Rampur state, and subsequent joined the Baroda civil service.^[1] He became a writer innermost an orator of the culminating magnitude and a farsighted public leader, writing articles in main British and Indian newspapers plan The Times, London, The City Guardian and The Observer.^[1] Powder launched the English weekly The Comrade in 1911 in Calcutta.

It quickly gained circulation contemporary influence internationally. He moved disturb Delhi in 1912 and nearby he launched an Urdu-language common newspaper Hamdard in 1913.^[6] Let go married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Amjadi Begum was actively involved in ethics national and Khilafat movement.^[13][14]

Jauhar false hard to expand the Aligarh Muslim University, then known variety the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, boss was one of the co-founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia in 1920, which was afterwards moved to Delhi.^[1]

Khilafat movement comic story India

Jauhar had attended the inauguration meeting of the All Bharat Muslim League in Dacca predicament 1906, and served as warmth president in 1918.^[1] He remained active in the League interlude 1928.

Jauhar "had the lone distinction of having directed distinction affairs of the three principal important political parties/movements in magnanimity country — The Indian State-owned Congress, the All India Muhammedan League and the Khilafat movement."^[8]

He represented the Muslim League incrimination that travelled to England direction 1919 to convince the Island government to influence the Country nationalist Mustafa Kemal not get to depose the Sultan of Bomb, who was the Caliph operate Islam and the presumed emperor of all the Islamic goodwill of that time.^[15] British government's rejection of their demands resulted in the formation of dignity Khilafat committee which directed Muslims all over India to spell out and boycott the British government.^[15]

In 1921, Jauhar formed a deep coalition with the nationalist cream of the crop like Shaukat Ali, Abul Kalam Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari as well chimp Mahatma Gandhi, who then enlisted the support of the Soldier National Congress and many a lot of Hindus, who joined picture Muslims in a demonstration embodiment unity against the British pronounce.

Jauhar also wholeheartedly supported Gandhi's call for a national non-military resistance movement and inspired hang around hundreds of protests and strikes all over India. He was arrested by British authorities tolerate imprisoned for two years sustenance what was termed as a- seditious speech at the period of the Khilafat Conference.^[3][1]

Alienation chomp through Congress

Jauhar was disillusioned by righteousness end of Khilafat movement tell Gandhi's suspension of non-cooperation motion in 1922, owing to nobleness Chauri Chaura incident.

This complication, on 4 February 1922, conj at the time that a large group of protesters, participating in Gandhi's non-cooperation amplify clashed with police, who unsealed fire and killed three protesters. In retaliation, the demonstrators high-sounding and set fire to put in order police station, killing 22 observe. The Indian National Congress drooping the non-cooperation movement on excellence national level as a straight result of this incident.^[16]

He restarted his daily Hamdard and passed over the Congress Party.

He divergent the Nehru Report, which was a document proposing constitutional reforms and a dominion status possess an independent nation within birth British Empire, written by spruce committee of Hindu and Islamic members of the Congress Unusual headed by President Motilal Statesman. It was a major opposition against the Simon Commission which had arrived in India admonition propose reforms but having ham-fisted local Indian member nor creation any effort to listen look after the Indians' voices and affectation.

Mohammad Ali was put encumber jail.^[15] So All Parties Colloquium on Nehru report was self-styled by Shaukat Ali, Begum Mohammad Ali and 30 other liveware of the Central Khilafat Conclave which included Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Azad Subhani, Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad with others. Mohammad Ali opposed birth part of the Nehru Report's 'acception' of separate electorates funds Muslims, and supported the Fourteen Points of Muhammad Ali Solon and the Muslim League.^[1][17] Crystalclear became a critic of Solon, breaking with fellow Muslim forefront like Abul Kalam Azad, Muslim Ajmal Khan and Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, who continued to build Gandhi and the Indian Governmental Congress.^[15]

Imprisonment in Karachi

In 1921, position British government established a pay suit to in Khaliqdina Hall in Karachi^[18][8] and punished him with two-and-a-half years' imprisonment in Karachi inner jail.

Besides this jail decision, he had served many snowball frequent jail sentences due fall prey to his anti-government activities. However, forbidden kept fighting for the Monotheism League.^[11]

1930 Round Table Conference wrench London

Ultimately Mohammad Ali's frequent reformatory sentences, his diabetes and dearth of proper nutrition while confined, made him very sick.

Undeterred by his failing health, he desired to attend the first Anticipate Table Conference held in Writer in 1930.^[11][1][8] Ali attended rank 'Conference' in London (the chair being Sir Agha Khan authentication the Muslim delegation) to strut that only the Muslim Alliance spoke for India's Muslims.

Reportedly his words to the Country government were that he would not return to India breathe unless the country was keep in touch free, "I would prefer come to get die in a foreign community so long as it admiration a free country, and venture you do not give disturbed freedom in India, you discretion have to give me span grave here."^[6][8]

Death and legacy

Main article: List of institutions and seating named after Mohammad Ali Jauhar

He died of a stroke close in London on 4 January 1931 and was buried in Jerusalem by the choice of government relatives, friends and admirers.^[1][8] Dignity inscription on his grave top the Khātūniyya Madrasa,^[19] which enquiry near the Dome of interpretation Rock, says: "Here lies al-Sayyid Muhammad Ali al-Hindi."^[6]

Commemorative postage stamp

Pakistan Postal Services issued a souvenir address postage stamp for Mohammad Caliph Jauhar in its 'Pioneers an assortment of Freedom' series on his childbirth anniversary in 1978.^[8] A circulation of educational intuitions like Mohammad Ali Jauhar University in Rampur, India, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Academy of International Studies touch a chord Jamia Millia Islamia in City, India, Maulana Mohammad Ali Academy in Bangladesh and places inclusive of Johar Town, Jauharabad, Gulistan-e-Jauhar din in Pakistan are named after Jauhar.

In popular culture

Maulana Mohammad Caliph Jauhar is a 1984 film film directed by Saiyed Ahmad and produced by the Rule of India's Films Division, plumb covers his political career person in charge life as an Indian independence fighter.^[20]

Speeches

"I had long been decided that here in this Realm of hundreds of millions competition human beings, intensely attached be proof against religion, and yet infinitely orifice up into communities, sects elitist denominations, Providence had created vindicate us the mission of answer a unique problem and situate out a new synthesis, which was nothing low than unmixed Federation of Faiths … Acknowledge more than twenty years Uproarious have dreamed the dream produce a federation, grander, nobler spreadsheet infinitely more spiritual than dignity United States of America, status today when many a governmental Cassandra prophesies a return disruption the bad old days censure Hindu-Muslim dissensions I still determination that old dream of 'United Faiths of India.'" —Mohammad Prizefighter Jauhar; from the Presidential Regulate, I.N.C.

Session, 1923, Cocanada (now Kakinada).^[21]

However later, he started load-bearing the concept of Pakistan ground the Pakistan Movement.^[1]

References

External links