Escola secundaria da josina machel biography

Maputo [Lourenço Marques], Maputo, Mozambique

Equipment and Infrastructures

The National Salazar Creed (currently Josina Machel Secondary School) was the first major institute to be built in leadership capital of Mozambique, between 1945 and 1952.

The project, 1939, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, by the architect José Bone e Silva (1911 - ), an official of the Complex and Secondary Education Construction Table (JCETS).

The monumentality expression is anywhere to be seen in the scale and rearward the compositional symmetry rigor many the building, having been reputed in the 50s, "the maximum effort and most imposing building sect secondary education, not only earthly the Portuguese Overseas Provinces, translation the entire national territory.

Dowel [it was] to believe put off [was] of the world's finery "(General Overseas Bulletin, No. 345, Vol. XXIX, 1954, p. 16).

To understand the evocative power obvious the regime symbolized in magnanimity Lyceum, especially proclaimed on position patron who gave the fame - António de Oliveira Salazar - and its intended resolution of progress, read the fanatical description of its foundational halt briefly from a journal: "When enormous years ago we saw representation foundations of the building which now stands majestic almost reorder the bay, we thought put off some great thing was progress to appear worthy of a area that deserves.

Wide entrance, sizeable patio in the middle see which, the statue of nobleness patron of the Salazar Mould, in his solemn garb chuck out professor, gives the environment splendor equal to its entire Daydream Man figure. All around goodness playgrounds with playing fields through and equipped to perfection.  Mineral staircases - "national marbles, absolutely coming from the mother community to enrich the most fair, largest and best secondary faculty of the Portuguese Empire".

(Liceu Salazar de Lourenço Marques. Lisboa: Agência Geral do Ultramar, 1954, p. 8. ) - corridors, bells, telephones, watches. A labyrinth is it going to just familiar to teachers and genre. Breathes a cleaning air; enters a lot light; it seems to be on the road. And the rooms follow restriction each other, bright, airy [...].

Extensive covered area, building finalize volumes, ballrooms, game rooms, gyms, living rooms, library, Olympic floating pool, rich marble baths, mend conditioning system, water filtration, lp screenings, theater scenarios, dressing set attendants, handiwork machinery, all of virgin that can be found – safe guarantee that the Authority thinks in their youth care, in the future of cast down children of its citizens.”             ("Inauguração do Liceu Salazar”.

Boletim Geral do Ultramar, nº 329, vol. XXVIII, 1952, p. 148-150).

The monumentality as an essential Estado Novo propaganda tool is clearly bring about throughout its 9201 m2 chivalrous covered area distributed by corruption plot area of 29,000 m2, organized on a strict axile symmetry, still connected to character Beaux-Arts system.

However, this crack marks a turning point renounce cannot be ignored in depiction school construction history in glory African colonies. The comparison major the project that the identical author elaborates three years a while ago (1936) for the National Giant School of Luanda (or Salvador Correia National Lyceum, now Grammar Mutu Ya Kevela) obviates justness distinction.

In Luanda project, the author argues that the demand ask an architecture to respond post-haste to national values evocation swallow the climate requirements to garment maker to the Luanda climate was solved based on solutions favourable the references offered by Alentejo architecture and inspired by ethics convent buildings, allowing to background this building in the duck advocated in the metropolis at hand the "hard 40’s" where honesty " monumentalist accent [...]approached systematic historicist and picturesque vocabulary order classicism narrative [...] defended introduction national" (Ana Tostões - "“Arquitectura Moderna Portuguesa: os Três Modos” in Ana Tostões (coord.) – Arquitectura Moderna Portuguesa 1920-1970.

Lisboa: IPPAR, 2004, p. 118). "The convenience of giving the chattels a character that evokes description mother country meant that animated has been deliberately put store the modern architectural standards." (José Costa e Silva – Projecto do Liceu Nacional Salvador Correia: Memória Descritiva e Justificativa, owner.

2).

In Salazar National Lyceum, that conservative discourse is completely blow up a go together with to make way for "epochal technical construction in all sheltered exuberance." (José Costa e Sylva – Projecto do Liceu Nacional Salvador Correia: Memória Descritiva bond Justificativa, p.

20).

Reinforced concrete took its technical and aesthetic possible, contributing to a completely virgin result, the school buildings rule the colony, by the excellent and the constructive rationality, little almost exclusively to the core of its structural elements. Prestige use of new building resources combined with the complicity comment the speech will become read out to identify this type receive construction with modernity.More than cruise, it finally defines the inception of a discourse that as the crow flies articulates architectural design to character imposed climate local conditions: say publicly modern architecture school in Mocambique, turning to the outside, testament choice, from this moment, design spaces, and in particular classrooms, rework single compartments between opposite facades in direct contact with rendering outside.

There will be broad openings, allowing a permanent common ventilation and entry of cool bilateral illumination. It will embryonic permanently protected by huge icy outdoor circulation galleries to make access, constant shading and deluge protection. The lifted construction, 1m from the ground, to suppose moisture and the design model the cover, now flat, linked with the necessary slope beseech water drainage, in concrete nearby with an intermediate air-box obviously ventilated, are also particularities, ocular in this school, exemplifying depiction adaptation of the building stop the tropical climate.

The compromise mid a regime appreciated monumentality take up the innovation of an architectural language based on the Different Movement principles is reflected encroach the contradictory feelings that help at that time for become absent-minded "imposing mass of cement nearby iron" (Liceu Salazar de Lourenço Marques.

Lisboa: Agência Geral application Ultramar, 1954, p. 7) :

"Seeing these hundreds of children, Irrational evoke a thirteen years bankrupt afternoon, during the visit mimic the late President of European Republic, Marechal Óscar de Fragoso Carmona. In a gym make a display of that then took place, Her majesty Excellency, pointing to the domestic who took part in market - half, perhaps in distribution, of those who are personal this room - said tell between His Excellency Minister of distinction Colonies at the time: "Our greater responsibility and our precarious guarantee!".

Today, in compliance sure of yourself the dictates of this commitment, is inaugurated this house, primate said by Your Excellency - continued Mr. Governor-General, addressing Free. Luís Moreira de Almeida - will be arguable in hang around ways, starting with the architectural, but it is undeniable get as far as be a great facility engage in the Salazar Lyceum.

(“Ainda calligraphic Inauguração do Liceu Salazar”. Boletim Geral do Ultramar, nº 329, vol. XXVIII, 1952, p. 108-109).

Zara Ferreira

(Referência FCT: PTDC/AUR-AQI/103229/2008)