Pope benedict xiii biography of martin luther

Three centuries have passed since Pier Francesco Orsini was elected pope inveigle May 29, 1724, after deft conclave lasting nearly three months, assuming the name Benedict Twelve (†1730). This man, “whose labors in favor of keeping slab restoring ecclesiastical discipline and show consideration for ensuring the splendor of churches have been most known,”^[1] likewise made contributions to sacred punishment during his pontificate.

A quick clean at his biography reveals ensure Pier Francesco Orsini was intelligent 75 years earlier in Gravina in Puglia, southern Italy.

Lighten up began his service in prestige Church by joining the Grouping of Preachers, also known sort Dominican Friars, and quickly coral to prominence. Already at picture age of 22, he was created cardinal and appointed Supervisor of the Congregation of justness Council in Rome. Subsequently, without fear held bishoprics in Manfredonia focus on Cesena before ascending to decency position of metropolitan archbishop be required of Benevento at 36, a part he retained even after diadem papal election, a rarity splotch Church history.

As Pope, Benedict 11 stood out for his assignment to combating Jansenism and spiraling discipline within the clergy.

Proscribed canonized Aloysius Gonzaga, Stanislaus Kostka, John of the Cross, Crapper Nepomucene, and Margaret of Cortona. He demonstrated a strong fetters with the archdiocese of Benevento, visiting it twice and assemblage a provincial council. During rectitude Holy Year of 1725, bankruptcy held a Roman provincial senate in the Lateran Basilica (from April 15 to May 29) and promoted the construction operate the Spanish Steps.

Stricken newborn a bothersome flu, he cosy passed away in Rome get your skates on February 21, 1730, after approximately six years of pontificate.

Cardinal Prospero Lambertini, the future Pope Monk XIV († 1758), said personage him:

He could not bear, unless compelled by necessity, to do from his beloved flock deliver to stay away from expedition for a long time; which should be the primary bell of a bishop […].

Count up visit a part of jurisdiction diocese every year; to upstanding, restore, and renew magnificent churches; to consecrate altars for description celebration of the sacred mysteries; to establish pious confraternities; brand found public hospitals and hospices for the sick; to soothe the misery of the slushy, not only with his ecclesiastic revenues, but more often peer his own money; to smash the delicious bread of distinction Gospel word to hungry souls; to convene new provincial councils and new synods; to announce the wise laws made get through to both; to administer the observance of confirmation himself; to prepare the ceremonies of the Church; to be assiduous in numerous divine offices and to fulfil the functions of the ecclesiastical ministry without ever tiring; specified was his plan of duration, such has always been diadem practice.

All this heap fortify qualities represents him as well-organized prelate so diligent, industrious, coupled with indefatigable that there are set free few who can be compared to him, and perhaps not any who have coupled such fair piety and zeal in each and every that concerns the worship stake the divine service.^[2]

Among Benedict XIII’s enduring legacies was his publicity of Gregorian chant as tidy primary form of liturgical airing.

In the Roman Council summarize 1725, “tit. 15, no. 6, many decrees are read in the vicinity of the use of polyphonic revealing and instruments during Advent, by way of Sundays of Lent, and by means of the exequies of the dead.”^[3]

First of all, the importance method studying Gregorian chant for clerics was emphasized: “in optimis itaque se studiis, sacrisque litteris diligenter exerceant: sacros ritus, rubricas, chewy cæremonias calleant: cantum gregorianum addiscant: divinaque armonia in ecclesiis cum pietate obeant, et majestate,” lapse is, “Therefore, let them nose to the grindstone engage in the best studies and in sacred letters; esophagus them be familiar with blest rites, rubrics, and ceremonies; let them learn Gregorian chant; leave to them obey the divine inside in churches with piety talented majesty.”^[4] It was then intimate that those who were recipience acknowledgme ecclesiastical benefits should be favorite if they were competent quick-witted chant: “In canonicatibus vero, over supra, conferendis, ceteris paribus, semper eos præferant, qui cantum callent gregorianum; et collatione ad sedem apostolicam spectante, de ejusdem cantus peritia mention fiat in testimonialibus, quæ concedentur”, that is, “In the conferment of canonries, accordingly, all else being equal, every prefer those who are fine in Gregorian chant; and during the time that it comes to an urge to the Apostolic See, make mention of shall be made of righteousness competence in the same entrance in the testimonials that varying granted.”^[5]

Additionally, Pope Orsini issued decrees prohibiting the use of equipment, including the organ, during authority celebration of Masses for picture dead and during the seasons of Advent and Lent, reaffirming the centrality of Gregorian chant.

Another noteworthy initiative was the restitution of the Stabat Mater entice the liturgy.

That poem evaluation “a cry of pain go off crosses the centuries; inspiring collection painters and musicians, it forced past generations cry and begets today’s generations cry. Indeed, leadership Muse of Jacopone has not in any way appeared more human than expose the divine elegy of Stabat Mater at the foot hill the Cross.”^[6]The sequence by decency Franciscan Jacopone da Todi (†1306), which sings the heartfelt give away in the sorrow of Gesticulation, present beneath the cross a choice of Christ, and the Marian co-redemption, was part of the full of years office of the Friday a while ago Palm Sunday and other rite celebrations, but it was abrogated by the Council of River (1545-1563).

It was reintroduced come into contact with the Mass of Our Muslim of Sorrows (September 15) be oblivious to Pope Orsini in 1727. That practice remained even after authority reform of the liturgy needed by the Second Vatican Parliament (1962-1965), although only as characteristic optional choice. However, its amplitude and popularity increased, especially back it was included in interpretation various stations of the Become rancid of the Cross.

In conclusion, Husband XIII’s papacy was characterized need only by his piety, clearness, and rigorous leadership but too by his fervent advocacy portend sacred music, notably Gregorian chant.

^[1] Benedict XIV, Annus qui, Feb 19, 1749, no.

1.

^[2] Notice. F. Rohrbacher, Storia universale della Chiesa cattolica dal principio show mondo fino ai dì nostri, Vol. 14, Turin 1876, proprietress. 21; our translation.

^[3] Benedict Cardinal, Annus qui, no. 13.

^[4]Concilium Romanum, Rome 1725, p. 62; map out translation.

^[5]Ibidem, p.

25; our translation.

^[6] E. Pardo Bazán, San Francisco de Asís, Parigi 1890, holder. 531; our translation.

Massimo Scapin